After 50 years, NASA aims to return to the Moon. This time, the goal is not just to take a step, but to create a permanent presence. So, how will this huge project be implemented?
After half a century of waiting, NASA’s plans to return to the Moon are on the agenda again. This time things are very different!
NASA is now doing this with the Artemis program. The dream is about to become reality. What are the scientific and technological details behind the return to the Moon project?
In 2017, the Trump administration signed Space Policy Directive 1, setting the goal of returning to the Moon as 2025.
In line with this goal, the Artemis program It contains four main components: Space Launch System, Orion Spacecraft, Human Landing System and Gateway.
SLS is the most powerful rocket NASA has ever built. Rocket developed by Boeing It is 65 meters long and 8.4 meters in diameter. The SLS Block 1 configuration that will be used for the first three Artemis missions will later be upgraded to Block 1B and Block 2 variants.
The Orion spacecraft will carry astronauts into lunar orbit. The vehicle was designed by Lockheed Martin. It has a structure similar to the Apollo command module but larger and equipped with advanced technologies. Also part of Orion is the European Service Module, designed by Airbus.
Landing on the lunar surface will require a Human Landing System (HLS).
NASA invited private sector leaders on this issue SpaceX’in Starship HLS sistemini choosed. The system will land on the lunar surface and then bring the astronauts back.
Gateway will be established in lunar orbit first space station will be. NASA will build this station in various stages and add different modules.
The first modules will be HALO and Power and Thrust Element. The station will support astronauts landing on the lunar surface and in the future Missions to Mars It will serve as a base for
In 2022, Artemis I conducted the first unmanned test of SLS and Orion.
The test was NASA’s first major step towards returning to the Moon. Next First manned test of Artemis II in 2025 is planned to be carried out. In this mission, four astronauts will go as close as possible to the Moon and then return to Earth.
Artemis III ise It aims to land a female astronaut on the Moon for the first time. In the mission, astronauts will land at the Moon’s south pole and conduct research for six and a half days.
In Artemis IV and subsequent missions, the first modules of the Gateway will be transported to lunar orbit and a permanent human presence will be established. Missions on the lunar surface establishing a permanent base and aims to provide a basis for future missions to Mars.
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