Computers have been making it easier to process information for decades. But quantum computers take computing to a whole new level. They have the potential to solve very complex statistical problems beyond the limits of today’s computers. Quantum computing has been identified as one of the next big trends in technology. It is said that quantum computing alone, which has revolutionized information technology, will be worth approximately $1.3 million by 2035. In a binary world of ones and zeros, quantum computers are the Albert Einsteins of computing, with extraordinary electronic brains that can complete tasks that are nearly impossible for ordinary computers to tackle. So, how do quantum computers, which will be introduced soon in Turkey, work and what are their features?
What is quantum computer 🖥️
quantum computingis a field of cutting-edge computer science that uses the unique qualities of quantum mechanics to solve problems beyond the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. Quantum computing has the ability to eliminate large numbers of possibilities and produce possible solutions to complex problems and challenges. While classical computers store information as bits in the form of 0s and 1s, quantum computers use qubits.
How a quantum computer works ℹ️
What is a qubit (quantum bit)? 🤔
Qubits are special systems that behave like subatomic particles, consisting of atoms, superconducting electrical circuits, or other systems that apply data to both 0 and 1 in a range of amplitudes. Qubits are created by manipulating and measuring quantum particles such as photons, electrons, trapped ions, and atoms. The qubits must be kept extremely cold. Common qubit types used in quantum computing today include; superconducting qubits, trapped ion qubits, quantum dots, photons and neutral atoms.
The way quantum computers work is as follows; Classical computing, the technology that powers your laptop and smartphone, is built on bits. A bit is a unit of information that can store zero or one. In contrast, quantum computing is built on quantum bits, or qubits, that can store zeros and ones. Qubits can represent any combination of zero and one simultaneously; This is called superposition and is a fundamental property of any quantum state. Chips are physical hardware that stores qubits, just like in classical computing.
When a classical computer solves a problem with more than one variable, it has to make a new calculation every time a variable changes. Each calculation is a single path to a single result. But quantum computers can explore many paths in parallel through superposition. Additionally, qubits can interact with each other. This is called entanglement. Entanglement enables qubits to scale exponentially. For example; Two qubits can store and process four bits of information. This exponential scaling gives a quantum computer much more power than classical computers.
Today’s classical computers are relatively simple. They work with a limited set of inputs and produce answers using an algorithm; The bits encoding the inputs do not share information about each other. Quantum computers are different. First, when data is entered into qubits, the qubits interact with other qubits, allowing many different calculations to be performed simultaneously. This is why quantum computers can run much faster than classical computers. Additionally, quantum computers do not offer a single clear answer like classical computers; instead, it offers a range of possible answers. For calculations that are limited in scope, classical computers are still the tools of choice. However, for very complex problems, quantum computers can save time by narrowing the range of possible answers.
Where can quantum computing be used?
- Cryptography: Advanced data encryption
- Artificial intelligence: Faster processing of complex algorithms
- Defense: Development of strategic technologies
- climate modeling: Simulation of global warming and disaster scenarios
- materials science: Discovery of new generation materials
Quantum computer features ⚛️
- superposition: It refers to the ability of a qubit to be both 0 and 1 at the same time. It differs from the bits of classical computers, which can only have a value at a given moment.
- Entanglement: It is a special connection between two or more qubits. If two qubits are entangled, a measurement made in one immediately affects the other, regardless of distance. Quantum Entanglement is a form of connection that is not possible in classical computers.
- Advantage: An important feature of quantum computers is that they can perform some specific tasks more quickly and efficiently than classical computers. This is called quantum supremacy.
- Reading qubit states: The states of qubits are manipulated using quantum properties such as quantum superposition and entanglement. When qubit states are measured, they collapse to a certain value (0 or 1).
- quantum gates: These are mathematical operators that perform certain operations on qubits. These gates are used to create quantum algorithms.
- quantum circuits: Represents a series of computational steps that represent the interactions between qubits and quantum gates. Quantum algorithms use these circuits to solve specific problems.
Companies producing quantum computers 🧐
1️⃣ IBM
2️⃣ Google Quantum AI
3️⃣ Amazon
4️⃣ Microsoft
5️⃣ Intel
6️⃣ D-Wave
7️⃣ Quantities
8️⃣ Discards
9️⃣ Xanadu
🔟 Atos Quantum
Quantum computers promise to surpass even the most capable supercomputers of today and the future. But they won’t eliminate traditional computers. Classic computers are still the easiest and most economical solution to address most problems. Quantum computers promise to power exciting advances in fields ranging from materials science to pharmaceutical research. Companies are already experimenting with quantum machines to develop lighter, more powerful batteries for electric cars and to help make new medicines.
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computing
https://www.ibm.com/topics/quantum-computing
https://www.aselsan.com/tr/arge/kuantum-teknolojileri
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