These images, taken by the German-made HRSC camera of ESA’s Mars Express vehicle in June 2022, were combined with photographs obtained by the HiRISE camera of NASA’s MRO vehicle in September of the same year. These images show Mars near its south pole. South of the Rock in the region, a snow-covered field and frozen ice It shows.
It’s not the same as snow on Earth
But this “snow” is not the same as snow on Earth. This ice on Mars is actually is carbon dioxide ice. Mars’ south pole has an 8-meter-thick layer of carbon dioxide ice throughout the year. In fact, these images were taken around the summer solstice of Mars, but this part of the planet is quite cold all year round. -125°C around.
During the summer months at Mars’ south pole, carbon dioxide ices are heated by sunlight and sublime, going directly from solid to gaseous. Meanwhile, pockets of trapped gas form within the ice. Eventually the pressure builds, creating a small explosion that shoots dark dust into the air. Dust falling to the ground creates the patterns in the photographs with the help of the wind. In fact, a very similar process occurs in the formation of “spider”-like shapes on the surface of Mars.
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